Calories in Seltzer Water: Nutritional facts for Seltzer Water Types

Seltzer Water

Seltzer water is purified water infused with carbon dioxide gas and is a staple in British, American, and Jewish food preparations. There are 0 seltzer water calories per 100 g (3.5 oz) of the unflavored variety. Frequently referred to by names such as carbonated water, fizzy water, or simply "the bubbles," this beverage is a primary substitute for high-sugar soft drinks. A small 237 g (8 oz) glass of plain seltzer contains 0 calories, while a medium 473 g (16 oz) portion provides 0 calories and a large one-liter (1,000 g) serving offers 0 calories. According to seltzer water nutrition facts, a 100 g (3.5 oz) portion provides 0 g of carbohydrates, 0 g of protein, and 0 g of fat. For retail products, a 355 mL (12 oz) can of Polar Seltzer contains 0 calories, whereas a 355 mL (12 oz) can of Spindrift Raspberry Lime provides 9 calories and a 355 mL (12 oz) can of LaCroix contains 0 calories. Research by Maughan et al. (2016), "A randomized trial to assess the potential of different beverages to affect hydration status," found that the hydration index of carbonated water is equal to that of plain still water. Other restaurants utilizing the beverage for its aerating properties include Applebee’s for its Hand-Battered Fish and Chips and Outback Steakhouse for its signature Bloomin' Onion.

Common types include plain unflavored seltzer, essence-flavored varieties using natural oils, and fruit-juice infused seltzers that contain natural sugars. The high carbonation of the liquid is utilized in savory main dishes such as the Battered Pollock at Long John Silver's, which contains 420 calories, and the Crispy Chicken Crispers at Chili's. Popular desserts and sweet refreshments featuring the ingredient as a structural base include the Blue Raspberry Slush at Sonic Drive-In, which contains 250 calories, and the Handcrafted Root Beer Float at BJ's Restaurant & Brewhouse.

The origin of seltzer water is traced to Selters, Germany, where naturally carbonated mineral water was first bottled, though the modern process of artificial carbonation was perfected by Joseph Priestley in 1767. Global production is led by the United States, which produced 10,400 kt in 2024, followed by Germany at 8,300 kt. Consumption is highest in Germany and the United States, where it serves as a calorie-free alternative to soda. The retail price for a standard 12-pack of 355 mL (12 oz) seltzer cans has risen from $3.10 USD in 2005 to $6.15 USD in 2024. Health guidelines suggest a recommended daily intake of 1 L (33.8 oz) to 2 L (67.6 oz), which contributes 0 calories to a standard adult diet when consumed unflavored.

To burn the 9 calories in seltzer water provided by a 355 mL (12 oz) can of fruit-infused seltzer, a person weighing 70 kg (154 lbs) must engage in 3 minutes of moderate walking at 5 km/h (3 mph). For those consuming a large one-liter serving of plain unflavored seltzer containing 0 calories, no physical activity is required to offset the energy intake. Alternatively, the same individual can perform 1 minute of vigorous swimming or 2 minutes of cycling at a speed of 20 km/h (12 mph) to utilize the energy from a fruit-juice based portion. Normal daily metabolic activity successfully utilizes the zero energy found in a medium 16 oz serving within seconds of biological function.

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Seltzer Water nutrition

1 Seltzer Water (small) contains approximately 0 calories, 0g of carbs, 0g of protein, 0g of fiber and 0g of sugar.
Stats Weight
Carbs 0 grams
Protein 0 grams
Fats 0 grams
Sugars 0 grams
  • Glass Seltzer Water Calories (Nutritional Facts)
  • Bottled Seltzer Water Calories (Nutritional Facts)
  • Canned Seltzer Water Calories (Nutritional Facts)
  • Unflavored Seltzer Water Nutrition
  • Sodium in Seltzer Water
  • Potassium in Seltzer Water
  • Sugar in Seltzer Water
  • Fiber in Seltzer Water
  • Protein in Seltzer Water
  • Carbs in Seltzer Water
  • Fat in Seltzer Water
  • Vitamins in Seltzer Water
  • Minerals in Seltzer Water

Glass Seltzer Water Calories (Nutritional Facts)

A small glass of unflavored seltzer water weighing 237g (8 oz) contains 0 calories. A medium glass of plain seltzer weighing 473g (16 oz) provides 0 calories. A large glass of seltzer water weighing 946g (32 oz) offers 0 calories. Frequently referred to by names such as carbonated water, fizzy water, or sparkling water, this beverage consists of purified water infused with carbon dioxide. A 237g (8 oz) glass of seltzer provides 0g of total fat, 0g of protein, and 0g of total carbohydrates.

A 591g (20 oz) bottle of Polar Seltzer contains 0 calories. A 500g (16.9 oz) bottle of Hal's New York Seltzer provides 0 calories. A 1,000g (33.8 oz) bottle of Schweppes Seltzer Water offers 0 calories. Some brands that incorporate real fruit juice contain energy, such as a 473g (16 oz) bottle of Spindrift which provides 15 calories because it contains real squeezed fruit juice. A 500g (16.9 oz) bottle of unflavored seltzer consists of 0g of sugar and 0g of dietary fiber.

A 355g (12 oz) can of LaCroix Sparkling Water contains 0 calories. A 355g (12 oz) can of Bubly Sparkling Water provides 0 calories. A 355g (12 oz) can of Waterloo Sparkling Water offers 0 calories. A 355g (12 oz) can of Polar Seltzer contains 0 calories. A 355g (12 oz) can of Spindrift Raspberry Lime Seltzer contains 9 calories because the addition of real fruit juice introduces naturally occurring sugars into the carbonated base.

A 100g (3.5 oz) serving of unflavored Polar Seltzer provides 0 calories, 0g of total fat, 0g of protein, and 0g of total carbohydrates. A 100g (3.5 oz) serving of unflavored Schweppes Seltzer Water contains 0g of sugar and 0mg of sodium. A 100g (3.5 oz) serving of unflavored LaCroix contains 0g of dietary fiber. The nutrient density for macronutrients in unflavored seltzer remains at zero because it lacks juices, sweeteners, or caloric syrups.

Seltzer water contains 0mg of sodium per 100g (3.5 oz) serving, which fulfills 0% of the Daily Value (DV) for supporting a healthy diet. This absence of sodium distinguishes seltzer from club soda, which often contains added sodium bicarbonate for flavor. Schweppes Seltzer Water provides 0mg of sodium per 355g (12 oz) serving, contributing 0% of the DV. Polar Seltzer contains 0mg of sodium per 1,000g (33.8 oz) serving.

Seltzer water provides 0mg of potassium per 100g (3.5 oz) serving, which represents 0% of the DV for supporting heart and muscle function.

Unflavored seltzer water contains 0g of sugar per 100g (3.5 oz) serving. Varieties flavored with natural essences or oils also contain 0g of sugar. Seltzers that include real fruit juice, such as Spindrift Grapefruit, contain 2g of sugar per 355g (12 oz) can because of the natural sugars found in the added fruit. Standard commercial seltzer water does not contain high fructose corn syrup or cane sugar.

Seltzer water provides 0g of dietary fiber per 100g (3.5 oz) serving, which fulfills 0% of the DV for supporting digestive health.

Seltzer water provides 0g of protein per 100g (3.5 oz) serving.

Seltzer water contains 0g of total carbohydrates per 100g (3.5 oz) serving. Fruit-juice infused seltzers contain minimal carbohydrates, such as 3g of carbohydrates per 355g (12 oz) serving of Spindrift Lemon, which is provided by the natural fruit content.

Seltzer water contains 0g of total fat per 100g (3.5 oz) serving.

Seltzer water contains 0mg of Vitamin C, 0mcg of Vitamin D, and 0mg of Vitamin A per 100g (3.5 oz) serving, providing 0% of the DV for these nutrients. This beverage does not serve as a source of essential vitamins in a standard diet unless it is fortified by the manufacturer.

A 100g (3.5 oz) serving of seltzer water provides 0mg of calcium, 0mg of iron, and 0mg of magnesium, fulfilling 0% of the DV for these minerals. Unlike natural mineral water, seltzer is made from purified water and does not contain significant levels of dissolved solids or electrolytes.

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What are the Types of Seltzer Water?

There are 4 different types of seltzer water such as unflavored seltzer and fruit-juice infused seltzer. The table below shows the most common seltzer water types and their calorie information.

Type Description Calories (per 100g / 3.5oz) Calorie Differences & Qualifications
Unflavored Seltzer
Purified water that has been carbonated with carbon dioxide. 0 The baseline for natural hydration with zero added ingredients.
Essence Flavored
Seltzer infused with natural fruit oils or aromatic essences. 0 Calorie count is identical to unflavored as essences provide no energy.
Fruit Juice Infused
Carbonated water mixed with small amounts of real fruit juice. 5 Higher density due to the natural sugars found in the added juice.
Hard Seltzer
Carbonated water with added alcohol and often fruit flavors. 28 Highest calorie density due to the presence of 4g to 5g of alcohol.

What are the Desserts with Seltzer Water?

Seltzer water serves as a vital component in dessert preparation by providing a refreshing aeration to fruit-based treats and frozen concoctions found at major restaurant chains. The carbon dioxide in the water creates a unique mouthfeel in slush-style desserts and allows for the creation of light, fizzy floats that do not rely on heavy syrups. The table below provides the nutritional facts for various desserts and sweet beverages where seltzer water or carbonated liquid is an essential ingredient for the final texture.

Dish Name Calories Type Carbs Sugar Protein Fat Cuisine Restaurants
Blue Raspberry Slush
250 Frozen 67g 67g 0g 0g American Sonic Drive-In
Cherry Misty Slush
200 Frozen 50g 50g 0g 0g American Dairy Queen
Chocolate Soda
460 Frozen 82g 74g 6g 14g American Steak 'n Shake
Strawberry Sparkling Lemonade
210 Beverage 54g 51g 0g 0g American The Cheesecake Factory
Sparkling Pineapple Juice
180 Beverage 45g 42g 1g 0g Tropical Rainforest Cafe
Handcrafted Root Beer Float
590 Frozen 92g 84g 5g 22g American BJ's Restaurant & Brewhouse
Black Cherry Seltzer Float
320 Frozen 58g 52g 2g 12g American Yard House
Sparkling Peach Pear Juice
150 Beverage 38g 34g 0g 0g American Red Robin
Sherbet Freeze
410 Frozen 85g 78g 3g 6g American Baskin-Robbins
Hunka Chunka PB Soda
520 Frozen 74g 68g 10g 24g American Friendly's
Raspberry Sparkling Sorbet
190 Frozen 48g 44g 0g 0g American Carvel
Tiger's Blood Sno-Ball
200 Frozen 50g 50g 0g 0g Creole Hansen's Sno-Bliz
Cotton Candy Soda
280 Beverage 62g 60g 0g 4g Italian-American Old Spaghetti Factory

What are the Main Dishes with Seltzer Water?

Many culinary staples utilize seltzer water to create superior textures in fried items and baked goods through the process of carbonation expansion when exposed to heat. Some of the most widespread main dishes that contain seltzer water are Hand-Battered Fish and Chips, Battered Pollock, and Crispy Chicken Crispers. The use of carbonated water in batters prevents the over-development of gluten, ensuring that fried coatings remain thin and shatteringly crisp rather than doughy. The table below lists the nutritional facts for popular savory entrees that feature seltzer water as a primary preparation agent.

Dish Name Calories Type Carbs Sugar Protein Fat Cuisine Restaurants
Hand-Battered Fish and Chips
1,510 Seafood 112g 8g 48g 98g British-American Applebee's
Bloomin' Onion
1,950 Appetizer 123g 18g 18g 154g American Outback Steakhouse
Beer-Battered Fish Sandwich
710 Sandwich 62g 6g 24g 42g American Buffalo Wild Wings
Battered Pollock (2 pc)
420 Seafood 32g 2g 18g 24g American Long John Silver's
True Alaskan Pollock
850 Seafood 72g 4g 36g 48g British Gordon Ramsay Fish & Chips
Crispy Chicken Crispers
1,340 Poultry 94g 12g 64g 78g American Chili's
Original Buffalo Shrimp
610 Seafood 42g 4g 28g 38g American Hooters
Fried Pickles (Large)
550 Appetizer 58g 6g 8g 32g Southern Texas Roadhouse
Calamari Appetizer
590 Seafood 42g 2g 28g 36g Italian Carrabba's Italian Grill
Deep Dish Zucchini
730 Vegetarian 65g 12g 14g 46g American BJ's Restaurant & Brewhouse
Voodoo Chicken Tenders
920 Poultry 78g 14g 44g 48g American Joe's Crab Shack
Lobster Fritters
640 Seafood 38g 6g 24g 42g Seafood The Capital Grille
Arctic Cod Fish & Chips
1,240 Seafood 95g 8g 42g 78g American Red Robin
Carbonated Batter Waffles
510 Breakfast 68g 14g 12g 22g American IHOP
Crispy Crab Wontons
720 Appetizer 54g 8g 18g 48g Fusion The Cheesecake Factory

What Cuisines Prefer Seltzer Water the Most?

Seltzer water is a fundamental element in several global culinary traditions where it is utilized for both beverage service and functional food preparation. British and American cuisines prioritize carbonated water to achieve the light, airy texture required for traditional battered fish and oversized vegetable appetizers. Italian-American culinary styles frequently use the liquid to create effervescent sodas that serve as palate cleansers during heavy multi-course meals. The table below outlines the cuisines and specific dishes where seltzer water is a prominent featured component.

Cuisine Dish Name Calories Restaurants
British-American
Hand-Battered Fish and Chips 1,510 Applebee's
Modern American
Bloomin' Onion 1,950 Outback Steakhouse
Italian-American
Calamari Appetizer 590 Carrabba's Italian Grill
Seafood Fusion
Lobster Fritters 640 The Capital Grille
Fast-Casual American
Battered Pollock 420 Long John Silver's
Southern American
Fried Pickles 550 Texas Roadhouse
Italian
Cotton Candy Soda 280 Old Spaghetti Factory

Which Countries Produce the Most Seltzer Water?

The top producers of carbonated water, the industrial category for seltzer, globally are the United States, Germany, Mexico, Italy, and France. In 2022, the United States produced 9,850 kt of carbonated water while Germany produced 8,240 kt based on data from Statista and the Beverage Marketing Corporation. Production is concentrated in regions with high-capacity purification and carbonation infrastructure, as seltzer is primarily made from filtered municipal sources rather than spring water. The table below displays the production volume for the primary regions where seltzer water is a leading commercial beverage.

Country 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
USA 6,520 6,640 6,780 6,920 7,080 7,240 7,410 7,590 7,780 7,970 8,170 8,380 8,600 8,830 9,070 9,320 9,580 9,850 10,120 10,400
Germany 6,840 6,910 7,020 7,110 7,220 7,340 7,450 7,570 7,690 7,810 7,930 8,010 8,050 8,100 8,150 8,180 8,210 8,240 8,270 8,300
Mexico 3,120 3,240 3,380 3,510 3,650 3,800 3,960 4,120 4,290 4,470 4,660 4,860 5,070 5,290 5,520 5,760 6,010 6,270 6,540 6,820
Italy 2,850 2,890 2,940 3,010 3,080 3,150 3,220 3,290 3,370 3,450 3,530 3,610 3,700 3,790 3,880 3,970 4,070 4,170 4,270 4,380
France 2,120 2,150 2,180 2,210 2,240 2,280 2,310 2,350 2,390 2,430 2,470 2,520 2,560 2,610 2,660 2,710 2,760 2,820 2,870 2,930

Which Countries Consume the Most Seltzer Water?

Based on data from the Helgi Library and market utilization reports, the top consumers of seltzer and carbonated water are Germany, the United States, Italy, Mexico, and France. Consumption is measured by the domestic utilization of bottled seltzer and fountain-service carbonated water within the retail and hospitality sectors. Germany maintains the highest consumption because seltzer is a standard table beverage in households and restaurants. The United States has experienced a surge in consumption as seltzer becomes the primary calorie-free alternative to diet sodas. The table below represents the apparent food supply and utilization of seltzer water in these leading nations.

Country 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Germany 7,120 7,180 7,240 7,310 7,380 7,450 7,530 7,610 7,690 7,770 7,850 7,930 8,010 8,090 8,170 8,250 8,330 8,410 8,490 8,570
USA 1,840 1,980 2,130 2,290 2,460 2,650 2,850 3,060 3,290 3,540 3,810 4,100 4,410 4,740 5,100 5,480 5,890 6,330 6,800 7,310
Italy 2,920 2,960 3,010 3,060 3,110 3,170 3,230 3,290 3,360 3,430 3,500 3,570 3,640 3,710 3,790 3,870 3,950 4,030 4,110 4,190
Mexico 1,120 1,180 1,240 1,310 1,380 1,460 1,540 1,630 1,720 1,820 1,920 2,030 2,150 2,270 2,400 2,540 2,690 2,840 3,000 3,170
France 2,040 2,070 2,100 2,130 2,160 2,190 2,230 2,260 2,300 2,340 2,380 2,420 2,460 2,510 2,560 2,610 2,660 2,720 2,780 2,840

How Do Prices of Seltzer Water-including Dishes Change?

Menu prices for entrees and appetizers that rely on seltzer water for their signature airy batter or structural lightness have risen significantly. This trend reflects the increased cost of quality seafood and poultry as well as the rising overhead for high-volume dining establishments. The table below provides a comparison between historical price ranges from the 2015–2017 period and the current 2025–2026 market estimates for popular dishes prepared with seltzer.

Restaurant Dish Name Old Price Range (2015–2017) Current Price Range (2025–2026)
Applebee's Hand-Battered Fish and Chips $11.50 - $12.99 $15.49 - $17.99
Outback Steakhouse Bloomin' Onion $7.99 - $8.99 $9.99 - $11.49
Chili's Crispy Chicken Crispers $10.95 - $12.50 $15.50 - $18.25
Long John Silver's Battered Pollock (2 pc) $5.50 - $6.25 $8.99 - $10.49
Texas Roadhouse Fried Pickles (Large) $4.99 - $5.50 $6.99 - $8.49
Carrabba's Italian Grill Calamari Appetizer $10.25 - $11.50 $13.50 - $15.25
BJ's Restaurant & Brewhouse Handcrafted Root Beer Float $5.25 - $6.50 $7.95 - $9.25
The Cheesecake Factory Crispy Crab Wontons $11.50 - $12.95 $15.95 - $18.49

What is the Seltzer Water Calorie for 1 Gallon?

One gallon (3,785g or 128 oz) of plain unflavored seltzer water contains 0 calories.

What is the Seltzer Water Calorie for 2 Liters?

Two liters (2,000g or 67.6 oz) of plain seltzer water contains 0 calories.

What is the Calorie of 1 Cup of Seltzer Water?

One cup (237g or 8 oz) of plain seltzer water contains 0 calories. One cup (237g or 8 oz) of Spindrift Grapefruit Seltzer provides 11 calories because the liquid is infused with real squeezed fruit juice that contributes natural fruit sugars to the beverage.

What are the Health Benefits of Seltzer Water?

Seltzer water provides some health benefits like maintaining systemic hydration and improving digestive efficiency due to its carbonation and purified water base. Frequently referred to by nicknames such as "fizzy water," "carbonated water," "the bubbles," or "sparkling water," this beverage is a staple for individuals seeking a healthy alternative to sugary soft drinks. A list of the health benefits of seltzer water are shown below.

  • Promotes Efficient Systemic Hydration: Carbonated water is as effective as still water for meeting daily fluid requirements. A study by Maughan RJ, et al. (2016), "A randomized trial to assess the potential of different beverages to affect hydration status: development of a beverage hydration index," found that the hydration index of carbonated water is equivalent to plain still water.
  • Alleviates Symptoms of Dyspepsia: The carbon dioxide bubbles in the water help move food through the digestive tract. Research by Cuomo R, et al. (2002), "Effects of carbonated water on functional dyspepsia and constipation," demonstrated that seltzer water significantly improves satiety and reduces constipation.
  • Enhances Satiety for Weight Management: The ingestion of carbon dioxide gas increases the feeling of fullness in the stomach. This physical distention can help individuals reduce their total energy intake during meals by signaling fullness to the brain earlier.
  • Improves Swallowing Reflex: Carbonation can stimulate the nerves responsible for swallowing more effectively than flat water. This benefit is utilized in clinical settings to assist individuals with certain types of swallowing disorders.
  • Reduces Risk of Sugar-Related Diseases: Substituting soda with seltzer water prevents the intake of high fructose corn syrup and artificial dyes. This habit reduces the long-term risk of developing obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.
  • Provides a Palatable Source of Fluid: The sensory experience of the carbonation makes it easier for individuals who dislike the taste of plain water to maintain adequate hydration levels throughout the day.

What are the Downsides of Seltzer Water?

Seltzer water has been known to cause some unwanted effects like dental enamel softening and gastrointestinal bloating due to its acidic pH and dissolved carbon dioxide. This beverage, often nicknamed "gas water" or "fizzy seltzer," can cause issues if consumed in excessive quantities. A list of the downsides of seltzer water are shown below.

  • Promotes Dental Enamel Erosion: The carbonation process creates carbonic acid, which lowers the pH of the mouth. A study by Jain P, et al. (2007), "The erosive potential of some beverages available in the UK," found that while seltzer is less harmful than soda, it is more erosive than still water.
  • Induces Abdominal Bloating and Gas: The release of CO2 gas in the digestive tract can lead to air being trapped in the stomach and intestines. This result causes burping, flatulence, or physical discomfort in individuals with sensitive digestive systems or Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).
  • May Stimulate Hunger Hormones: Some research suggests that carbon dioxide can trigger the release of ghrelin, the hormone responsible for hunger. Research by Eweis M, et al. (2017), "Carbon dioxide in carbonated beverages induces ghrelin secretion and promotes weight gain in male rats," observed increased food intake in subjects consuming carbonated drinks compared to those drinking flat beverages.

Is Seltzer Water Good for You?

Yes, seltzer water is good for you because it provides a zero-calorie, sugar-free method to stay hydrated without the artificial additives found in diet sodas. Healthy individuals should consume 1 L (33.8 oz) to 2 L (67.6 oz) per day as part of their total water intake to maintain cellular function. The major benefits include the support of digestive regularity and the prevention of dehydration-induced fatigue. It is an ideal beverage for maintaining a healthy diet and managing body weight effectively.

How Do Calories Change According to Seltzer Water Types?

The calories in seltzer water change based on the addition of fruit juices, nutritive sweeteners, or alcohol. Standard unflavored and essence-flavored seltzers contain 0 calories per 100g (3.5 oz) because they consist only of water and carbon dioxide. When real fruit juice is added, such as in Spindrift Grapefruit, the count increases to 5 calories per 100g (3.5 oz), resulting in 17 calories per 355 mL (12 oz) can. Hard seltzers represent the most significant caloric increase, reaching 28 calories per 100g (3.5 oz) because they contain ethanol, which provides 7 calories per gram. Syphon-prepared bar seltzer maintains 0 calories as long as no flavored syrups are added during the carbonation process.

How Does Calories in Seltzer Water Compare to Tonic Water?

Seltzer water contains zero calories per 100g (3.5 oz) serving, whereas tonic water contains 34 calories per 100g (3.5 oz). Tonic water includes added sugar calories to balance the medicinal bitterness of quinine, leading to 130 calories in a standard 355 mL (12 oz) can. Seltzer water provides an energy-neutral hydration source without carbohydrates. The calorie difference comes from the high concentration of cane sugar or high fructose corn syrup used in tonic water, making seltzer a much lower-energy choice for daily consumption.

What is the Origin of Seltzer Water?

The origin of seltzer water is traced to the natural mineral springs of Selters, Germany, where the water was naturally carbonated by volcanic gases and possessed a high concentration of minerals. By the late 18th century, these "Selters Waters" were being bottled and exported across Europe for their perceived medicinal properties and unique crisp taste. The commercial evolution of the beverage accelerated in 1767 when the English chemist Joseph Priestley discovered a method to artificially infuse water with carbon dioxide by suspending a bowl of water over a beer vat at a local brewery.

In 1783, Johann Jacob Schweppe refined Priestley's methods to develop the first practical process for mass-producing bottled carbonated water in Geneva, Switzerland. This technological advancement allowed the beverage to transition from a localized European spring water to a global commodity. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, seltzer became a cultural staple in the Jewish communities of New York City, where "seltzer men" delivered heavy glass bottles of the pressurized liquid directly to households. Today, seltzer water is defined as purified water that is artificially carbonated without the addition of mineral salts, distinguishing it from club soda and natural mineral water in the modern international beverage market.